The High-Stakes Fight for Aviation Safety: Unmasking Air India's Boeing 777-200LR Controversy12/31/2024  Air India Boeing 777-232LR, registered VT-AEE [aircraft serial number 29739 LN:772]. This is first registered with Delta Air Lines on the 27th of March 2009 as N704DK. Was put in storage in March 2020 and then leased to Air India on the 1st of May 2023 via lsd Jetran Llc. Seen here landing at New York JFK. Photo Copyright Marc Najberg As we say farewell to 2024, it’s clear that aviation has soared to new heights—both figuratively and literally. This year marked pivotal moments for the industry, from the advent of hydrogen-powered aircraft to breakthroughs in sustainable aviation fuel [SAF] and urban air mobility. Yet, 2024 also sadly reminded us of aviation’s inherent challenges, with tragic accidents that underscored the importance of relentless focus on safety. Incidents such as the Jeju Air flight 7C2216, Voepass regional flight 2283, Azerbaijan Airlines flight J2-8243, the collision at Tokyo’s Haneda airport involving a Japan Airlines plane and a Coast Guard aircraft, as well as other accidents served as sobering moments. Each loss deepens our resolve to ensure safer skies. However, in this blog I want to focus on a case that I have taken a special interest in, especially when it comes to the safety of passengers, the crew and the aircraft.  A devastating plane crash at South Korea's Muan International Airport on December 29 2024 has claimed the lives of 179 people. The Jeju Air Flight 2216, a Boeing 737-8AS, registered HL8088, carrying 181 passengers and six crew members, skidded off the runway and crashed into a wall during landing, causing a massive explosion. The precise cause still unclear. Photo Copyright Reuters 2024 Since I published my third blog article on February 13—where I highlighted exclusive insights from a whistleblower former Air India captain, who raised serious concerns about Boeing 777-200LR aircraft safety, including allegations of illegal operations and risks of oxygen loss during cabin decompression—I’ve gathered important updates. Let’s dive into these developments and explore what they mean for the future of aviation safety. The whistleblower former Air India captain, who is a senior distinguished 30-year veteran of the airline having flown over 7,000 hours and on various aircraft including the Airbus A310, Boeing 777-300ER and the Boeing 777-200LR, found air safety violations in certain route segments related to the leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft [read this blog and this blog to find out more details on this]. Evidently, the whistleblower captain pointed out these air safety violations to the airline’s senior management on the 22nd of January 2023. To his shock, surprise, and sadness, Air India’s senior leadership team didn't agree with him. Furthermore, they had no firm answer to the problem that he had pointed out, and they did not report this flight safety concern raised within the airline to India’s Directorate General of Civil Aviation[DGCA] as required by the Civil Aviation Requirement [CAR]’s SEC 5 - AIR SAFETY SERIES 'C' PART I Issue II, 20TH OCTOBER 2015 and the CAR SEC 5 – AIR SAFETY SERIES ‘F’ PART I 28th JUNE 1996. AIR INDIA’S SENIOR MANAGEMENT "DIDN’T CARE"The whistleblower captain claims that Air India’s management didn't care about resolving his query, which he deemed to be extremely important because Air India’s planning team were putting the lives of passengers and crew at risk by providing flight routes that took these aircraft over high terrain, which is also in violation of DGCA’s CAR on pressurized flights. The whistleblower captain wrote quite a few letters to all members of the airline’s senior leadership team, but he claims that nobody bothered to take any corrective and preventive action from the flight safety point of view [PoV] to safeguard the lives of the passengers and crew which was put in danger on every flight. As explained in this blog, on that fateful day of the 30th of January 2023, flight AI176 [Callsign “Air India 176 heavy”] from San Francisco [SFO] to Bengaluru [BLR] was planned to be operated using the former Delta Airlines leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft. The whistleblower captain was provided with a flight plan from the airline's Mumbai Headquarters that would have taken the aircraft over high mountainous terrain and hence would have been deemed illegal to fly the aircraft due to deficiency of stored breathing oxygen for that route as per the SECTION 8 – AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS SERIES O PART II ISSUE II, of the DGCA'S CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS [CAR]. This would have seriously jeopardized flight safety and put the lives of the passengers and crew in danger if the flight would have been operated based on that flight plan. Therefore, because of this reason, he refused to fly the aircraft until the flight plan was amended and until he was 100% confident that the flight was legal and within the limitations of the Flight Planning & Performance Manual [FPPM]. “Even till this day the rest of the pilots are flying these illegal routes for reasons best known to them, possibly due to the management axe dangling over their heads”, said the whistleblower captain. He wanted to make sure that he had the correct flight plan that would not have put any of his passengers and crew’s lives at risk in case of an event of depressurization. Inevitably and sadly the flight got delayed by over seven hours; however, whistleblower captain still managed to operate the flight by extending his Flight Duty Time Limitations [FDTL], so that there was no inconvenience caused to the passengers due to cancellation of that flight. TOOK SAFETY AS PRIORITY FOR PASSENGERS, CREW, AND AIRCRAFTEvidently, the whistleblower captain refused to fly the plane because he took the serious responsibility and decision with sheer professionalism and integrity that made sure his passengers, crew and aircraft were safe. This case is very similar in stature to this example of another pilot in 2024 taking the decision not to fly the aircraft because safety was in jeopardy. The Air India whistleblower captain’s story is an excellent example of resilience in action and why aviation is so safe. If the numerous amounts of red tape bureaucratic requirements that must come together to get a commercial flight airborne are met, then pilots have a “Procedural Leadership” role using Standard Operating Procedures [SOPs] to operate that aircraft to its destination. This occurs in the many of the flight operations.  Air India's Boeing 777-200LR, registered VT-AEF seen landing at SFO: Photo Copyright Reuters 2024. For the remaining flights that it does not occur, such as in this case, where critical requirements are not met, the pilots swap to becoming “trait-based” servant leaders, engaging their resilience and collaboration skills to resolve each problem to a successful conclusion. These skills are not taught in the simulator or at flight training schools but are built from world-class leadership. These skills also include listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to the growth of people, and building community. The whistleblower captain maintained all these skills in this moment of hardship that he faced. He made the choice to put the safety of his passengers, crew, and aircraft before anything else. After he finally operated and landed the flight in Bengaluru, he requested that the airline’s senior leadership should not reinstate [roster] him on those sectors which operate the leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft [note these aircraft have only 12 minutes of stored breathing oxygen on routes, and that is insufficient on the high terrain routes that these aircraft operate]. UNFAIRLY DISMISSEDSadly, the airline’s management immediately grounded him for the next three months during which he wrote letters to the senior leadership team, including to Mr. Natarajan Chandrasekaran, the Chairman and Managing Director of Tata Sons of the Tata group of companies. However, in return for blowing the whistle, Air India terminated his services on the 9th of May 2023 without conducting any enquiry and hence he claims that his termination was illegal and one of unfair dismissal. COMPLAINTS TO THE DGCA WENT ON DEAF EARS After his dismissal, he sent a formal complaint to the DGCA on the 29th of October 2023 and continued to write further letters as there was no response from the DGCA. In his opinion, the DGCA did a “shoddy job” of investigating his complaint. Ultimately, instead of taking any serious actions against the airline, the DGCA imposed a fine of just approx. USD 130K for only one violation [i.e. one flight] through an order dated the 24th of January 2024. “Despite this, all of Air India’s flights operating the leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft have been continuing to violate the law of the land,” said the whistleblower captain. “These are illegal operations on those routes and are continuing to be flown without a blink of an eyelid because the DGCA have turned a blind eye to this and are completely ignoring the danger this poses to the lives of the passengers and crew it is causing,” continued the whistleblower captain. The whistleblower captain claims that the then Chief Flight Operations Inspector [CFOI], Captain Vivek Chhabra, "tried to save Air India’s face due to his vested interests", and in return he got terminated by the then Director General, Vikram Dev Dutt, citing "administrative grounds and in public interest" and “confidential inputs" as his actual termination order was out in the media. On the same day, the DGCA gave a press release about the order imposing a fine of approx. USD 130K on Air India. However, the DGCA still didn’t release the actual copy of that order to the other stakeholders to increase safety awareness.  Captain Pankul Mathur, Director- Flight Operations at Air India Now, according to the whistleblower captain, this can’t be far from the truth, because Captain Pankul Mathur, Air India’s Director of Flight Operations, and Vivek Chhabra know each other as they have been good friends since they were both classmates at India’s prestigious flight school, Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi [IGRUA], and furthermore, the whistleblower captain has claimed that Vivek Chhabra 's wife flies the Boeing 777-200LR aircraft for Air India, after she was made redundant from Jet Airways when that airline ceased operations in April 2019. “Captain Vivek Chhabra has been an Air India employee for more than 25 years and was on deputation* from Air India to the DGCA working as a CFOI, and therefore there was conflict of interest plus vested interests due to his spouse also being employed with Air India," said the whistleblower captain. “All the captains that currently fly these leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft are aware of these serious violations on these routes and are still flying them. Why? Because they feel they have no choice and are being oppressed by Air India’s management. They are aware they have made an example of me. In that if you complain, then you will also lose your job with Air India,” said the whistleblower captain. WHY ARE AVIATION OXYGEN SYSTEMS IMPORTANT?Hypoxia—a condition caused by insufficient oxygen at high altitudes—remains one of the most critical threats to aviation safety. Even a brief loss of cabin pressure can incapacitate both passengers and crew, making stored breathing oxygen systems a life saving necessity. This is why the whistleblower captain’s allegations regarding Air India's Boeing 777-200LR operations deserve serious attention. His claims highlight routes over high terrain where insufficient stored oxygen would render survival nearly impossible during depressurization emergencies. The blog delves into this pressing issue to shed light on aviation safety standards and the responsibilities of airlines and regulators. By refusing to operate flights under potentially illegal and dangerous conditions, the captain demonstrated unparalleled professionalism and commitment to passenger safety. Understanding the risks of hypoxia and ensuring adequate oxygen systems are not just regulatory requirements—they are moral imperatives for safeguarding lives in the sky. While pilots undergo training to recognize and respond to the signs of hypoxia, passengers typically lack the knowledge or preparation to manage oxygen deficiencies effectively. Ensuring the availability of stored aviation oxygen systems aboard aircraft plays a crucial role in maintaining passenger safety and well-being, particularly in emergencies involving cabin depressurization. These systems serve as a vital safeguard, providing an immediate supply of breathable air and mitigating the risks associated with high-altitude operations.  Effects of hypoxia. Copyright Mayo Clinic AN ON-GOING CRISISThe whistleblower captain is sure that a lot of revenue has been illegally generated by flying these routes daily for at least a couple of years at the cost of endangering the lives of the unsuspecting and innocent passengers and crew. “This is a botched-up investigation by the DGCA who were still allowing the leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft to operate on these routes till date with impunity, where it is illegal to fly according to Indian aviation regulations. Air India, for reasons best known to them have leased these aircraft and are committing a white-collar crime daily and are getting away with it,” said the whistleblower captain. The whistleblower captain told me that he had no option but to go to the Mumbai High court to appeal against DGCA’s ineffective order, which he tried to acquire by repeatedly requesting through Right to Information [RTI] but never got it from the DGCA. This is an order on air safety which should have been immediately disseminated to all stakeholders by the DGCA themselves for the purposes of air safety awareness amongst them to make aviation safer in the public’s interest. This is the general rule in aviation. In court, the whistleblower captain had explicit permission from the judges to legally represent himself as a technical aviation subject matter expert. This was as advised by the judges because even though he had an advocate on record to represent him, the judges wanted to understand the merits of the case and thought it would be best if the whistleblower captain can himself clearly explain technical terms and have the chance to turn complexity into simplicity.  The historical and majestic Mumbai High Court, where the case is being held. The judges were kind enough to grant four dates in quick succession considering the gravity of the situation [these were the 9th, 12th, 14th, and the 16th of December 2024], which was for a wider social cause in public interest. Also, the judges listened to his concerns and took down appropriate notes since the advocates are not equipped with adequate knowledge about the technical aspects of aviation. COURT ROOM DRAMAThe whistleblower captain told me that the division bench of two judges patiently listened over many grueling sessions where the captain himself explained all the nuances and technical details of the case. In a landmark case, and a remarkable turn of events, the whistleblower captain told me that this division bench of two judges fully understood these fine technical details as simplified in layman terms by the whistleblower captain. The whistleblower captain told me that the judges took a keen interest in this case, and this was exemplified by the fact that they asked quite a few questions. The judges questioned Air India’s senior counsel along with Air India’s Chief Pilot for the Boeing 777 aircraft fleet and the senior flight dispatcher to satisfy them with the questions posed to them based on the knowledge they had now acquired about the technicalities of the subject matter in the aviation. This session started on the 18th of December 2024 in the afternoon after lunch at 2.30pm Indian Standard Time [IST] but the judges sat until 7pm IST in the court, way past their normal working hours. They went above and beyond their job duty ending time, which was 4.45pm IST because they wanted to gain satisfactory answers to the questions posed by them to Air India’s senior counsel, Chief Pilot, and his senior flight dispatcher. In the end, the whistleblower captain had a prima facie made out case against Air India on the merits, and hence the judges gave a choice to the Air India senior counsel to either accept a reasoned order with all the details of the arguments and observation made by the all the parties in court if they would still want to contest this matter in court or to concede to sign consent terms where all the contentions would be kept open in the ensuing DGCA enquiry. On the following day – the 19th of December 2024 – Air India’s senior counsel came back with a draft of consent terms to the court after taking instructions from the client, Air India and the DGCA. The whistleblower captain says, “The Honorable High Court ordered – by the consent of all parties – the DGCA to re-investigate this case by conducting an enquiry based on principles of natural justice and to also involve the whistleblower captain [i.e. the complainant]”. “What I find completely mind boggling is that astonishingly both the DGCA and Air India have openly lied in court under oath, which amounts to perjury and committed forgery. Why? Because there is clear evidence that they have submitted false claims under an affidavit to save their skin. If true, then I strongly believe this is a serious crime committed by Air India and the DCCA because they are coming with unclean hands to the Honorable High Court and trying to mislead the Honorable Court to hide a bigger crime just to take the order in their favor. It is like doing something wrong and then taking advantage of their wrongdoing which is not allowed in law. What kind of logic is that? And why would anyone do that?” the whistleblower captain said. According to evidence I have seen from websites such FlightRadar24.com and from charts that the captain shared, even today, the illegal and dangerous flights using these leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft are being operated. In fact, Sam Chui, a well-known blogger, also documented one of these flights on the leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft, as can be viewed here. The whistleblower captain strongly believes that this is a conscientious duty of everyone in the industry, including the Air India and the DGCA, to have these flights injuncted due to the lurking danger of the depressurization event which may occur at any time unannounced, and cause irreparable damage to the unsuspecting and innocent passengers and the crew due to lack of sufficient stored breathing oxygen being carried on the aircraft which will last only for 12 minutes during the event of a depressurization. As mentioned above that the DGCA has imposed a fine of approx. USD 130K for only one flight whereas all the flights on the leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft have been illegal and dangerous as claimed by the Petitioner [i.e. the whistleblower captain]. This, as mentioned, has been overlooked by the DGCA while determining the penalty as after the first offence is committed by operating a flight based on an illegal flight plan, then the second offence within a span of five years cannot be compounded as per the Sec 12A (1) and 12A (2) of The Indian Aircraft Act,1934 reads: “(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), any offence punishable under sections 10,11,11A,11B and section 12 or under any rules made thereunder, may be compounded, either before or after the institution of any prosecution, by the Director General of Civil Aviation or Director General of Bureau of Civil Aviation Security or Director General of Aircraft Accidents Investigation Bureau, as the case may be, in such manner as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules. (2) Nothing contained in sub-section (1) shall apply to an offence committed by a person for the second time or thereafter within a period of five years from the date of commission of a similar offence which was earlier compounded or for which such person was earlier convicted”. After the first complaint of the Petitioner [i.e. the whistleblower captain] dated the 29th of October 2024 to the DGCA a show cause notice was sent to the company Air India’s Accountable manager seeking a reply to the complaint of the whistle blower captain on the 2nd of November 2023. This fact has been suppressed in the Affidavit of Reply of both the Respondents i.e. Air India and the DGCA to the Honorable High Court. Also, there were emails and annexures which were exchanged after the reply of Air India to the above-mentioned show cause notice which were being handled by the CFOI Vivek Chhabra which have also been suppressed and has no mention in their Affidavit-in-Reply of Air India nor the Affidavit-in-Reply of the DGCA to the Honorable Court. These documents can clearly incriminate Air India for willfully and deliberately conducting these illegal flights to earn huge revenue at the cost of endangering the lives of passengers and crew, as per the whistleblower captain. BUCK STOPS WITH THE PILOT-IN-COMMANDIf pilots perceive that critical requirements have not been met, they refuse to depart – simple as that really. No other person in an airline is endowed with the massive responsibility and situational awareness of the combined issues, the methods and responsibility and authority to resolve them, as the Pilot-In-Command [PIC]. All of the decisions are prompted by the straightforward and essential legal responsibility by the PIC for the safety of the passengers, crew, and the aircraft. This is the very reason the whistleblower captain took that ultimate decision not to operate that flight. If we look at some of the world’s biggest air crashes, each one of those pilots would not have got on those flights had they known that there is a serious risk to life in operating those flights. Pilots refuse to fly for safety and valid reasons - they may be refusing to the dispatchers, engineers, senior management, Chief Pilot or even the CEO. These are no doubt tough decisions, sometimes alone with extraordinarily little support. However, as a leader one must use professional judgement and integrity when making such decisions to make sure there are successful safety results. Some of the best pilots have stepped up in history and refused to fly, even when there has not been psychological safety to do so. Just as a CEO of a company is responsible, in an analogous way, pilots are responsible for safety, accountable to their company and assume unlimited authority to keep their passengers safe. This is why aviation is so safe. CONCERNING ESCALATIONThe whistleblower captain's story highlights a disturbing pattern of possible negligence and corruption within Air India and the DGCA – though this cannot be proved. Despite repeated warnings and complaints, the airline and regulatory body risks failing to take adequate action, prioritizing revenue over safety. The whistleblower captain's concerns are escalating as the DGCA remains silent on the enquiry's commencement date, despite passing this order on the 19th of December 2024. The whistleblower captain's apprehensions are valid, given the severity of the safety violations, which could lead to catastrophic consequences, including loss of life, especially in the event of a depressurization emergency. The case has so far ignited questions about what the DGCA and Air India have done to improve its safety and quality record of these leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft. Will the DGCA and Air India take immediate action to address the safety concerns and prevent potential disasters? Or will the Ministry of Civil Aviation intervene to ensure compliance with laws and regulations and prioritize passenger safety? The question also remains whether the DGCA will do their due diligence and provide all the relevant documents to the whistleblower captain? That initiative can only be in the best interests of the DGCA in making a strong case against Air India. However, it must be said that the order of the Honourable High Court dated the 19th of December 2024 clearly spells out the same. The DGCA's radio silence when it comes to taking any action is indeed puzzling, especially considering the Mumbai High Court's urgency in hearing the matter, with six hearings in just ten days. This highlights the significance of the issue and its impact on public interest. The court's prompt attention underscores the need for swift action to ensure passenger safety. “The DGCA's failure to specify the actual violation and prohibit Air India from flying them in the first order raises questions about their commitment to safety. The DGCA and the Ministry of Civil Aviation's silence on this matter is quite surprising, as they are responsible for ensuring compliance with laws like the Indian Aircraft Act 1934 and Indian Aircraft Rules 1937”, said the whistleblower captain. “The upcoming enquiry's fairness and impartiality are also uncertain, as some DGCA officials may be implicated in the reinvestigation.”
Only time will reveal the outcome of this situation, but one thing is certain – the safety of passengers, the crew members, the aircraft, and anyone else that may be affected, should be the top priority. Let us hope that we have a safe and secure 2025 for aviation.
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 Tailfin of the Virgin Atlantic A330Neo at Farnborough Airshow 2024: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh At this year's Farnborough Airshow, Virgin Atlantic Airways placed a firm order for seven A330neo aircraft as part of its wider fleet transformation. The agreement takes Virgin Atlantic’s commitment for the A330neo to 19 aircraft in total, providing improved economics. The order was announced onboard Virgin Atlantic’s A330neo, named ‘Ruby Rebel’, and registered as GB-VSRB after founder Sir Richard Branson, to celebrate the airline's 40th anniversary. The aircraft was on static display for four days during the airshow, and I had the pleasure of touring this beautiful aircraft as the pictures here show. Shai Weiss, CEO, Virgin Atlantic said, “We complete our multi-billion-dollar fleet transformation, with the purchase of seven additional A330-900s, which we know our customers and our people love to fly. Flying the youngest fleet is the most readily available and significant lever towards decarbonising long-haul aviation and we are proud to already operate one of the youngest and most fuel and carbon efficient fleets across the Atlantic.” “Our special partnership with Airbus began with the arrival of ‘Lady in Red’ in 1993, with our most recent arrival, ‘Ruby Rebel’, arriving to mark our 40th birthday this year. Virgin Atlantic has flown more than 60 Airbus tails in the last three decades. While not first to the party, they’ve been our main dance partner, making our customers smile ever since.”  Tailfin of the Virgin Atlantic A330Neo at Farnborough Airshow 2024: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh Airbus Chief Executive Officer, Commercial Aircraft, Christian Scherer said, “We are grateful for Virgin Atlantic’s decision to expand its A330neo fleet as part of its strategy to have the youngest fleet across the Atlantic. The A330neo not only delivers unbeatable operational seat mile cost and an exceptional passenger experience, it also greatly enhances Virgin Atlantic’s fleet efficiency and contributes to their sustainability journey. We look forward to continuing this smooth and successful collaboration for many years to come."  Tailfin of the Virgin Atlantic A330Neo at Farnborough Airshow 2024: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh Routes AxedVirgin Atlantic will cancel flights to the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos after only two seasons. This follows the airline's decision to suspend its services to Shanghai, Hong Kong and Tokyo. Though Seoul may be a new destination in the far east in 2025. The airline will axe its twice-weekly flight to Providenciales on 21 February 2025 and its three-flights-a-week service to Nassau two days later. It only launched both services in December 2023 as a stop en route to Montego Bay. The airline said it would be contacting customers “to discuss next steps, including a full refund or alternative flights with another carrier”. A Virgin Atlantic spokesperson said “As we continue to focus on optimising our network, we regularly review the destinations we fly to." “As part of this, we’ve made the decision to increase our frequencies to Antigua, Barbados and Cape Town next year, and to sadly suspend operations to The Bahamas and Turks and Caicos."  Underbelly of the Virgin Atlantic A330Neo at Farnborough Airshow 2024: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  Fuselage of the Virgin Atlantic A330Neo at Farnborough Airshow 2024: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  The A330neo features the award-winning Airspace cabin, which offers passengers a unique passenger experience, high level of comfort, ambience, and design. This includes more individual space, enlarged overhead bins, a new lighting system and access to the latest in-flight entertainment and connectivity systems. Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  The airline has been flying the type since 2022, complete with its exclusive new "Retreat Suite." Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  It's the latest "business class plus" option from an airline targeting premium travelers. Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  Economy Class seating on the Virgin Atlantic A330Neo at Farnborough Airshow 2024: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  Aviation analyst Alex Macheras in discussion with a cabin crew on-board the Virgin Atlantic A330Neo at Farnborough Airshow 2024: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  Premium Economy Class seats in the Virgin Atlantic A330Neo at Farnborough Airshow 2024: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  Welcome on-board! Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  Powered by the latest generation Rolls-Royce Trent 7000 engines, the A330-900 is capable of flying 7,200 nm / 13,300 km non-stop. At the end of June 2024, the A330 Family had accumulated 1,798 firm orders from more than 130 customers worldwide, including 319 A330neo from 30 customers. As with all Airbus aircraft, the A330 family is already able to operate with up to 50% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). The manufacturer is targeting to have its aircraft up to 100% SAF capable by 2030. Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  The Beechcraft King Air 260 at Farnborough: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh Textron Aviation returned to the Farnborough International Airshow (FIA) this year as the industry leader with more than 1,700 Cessna and Beechcraft turbine aircraft based in Europe and more than 250,000 aircraft delivered worldwide. I was honoured to have been invited for a tour of the missionized King Air 260 aircraft at the static display. To be able to view the aircraft required special security clearance as is normal for any military and defense settings, even at Farnborough.  The Beechcraft King Air 260: Photo Copyright Textron The Beechcraft King Air 260 marked its debut in Europe, and is a new military multi-engine training aircraft. “The Beechcraft King Air 260 offers exceptional value for multi-engine military training due to its acquisition and operating costs, combined with excellent speed, range, and payload capacity,” said Bob Gibbs, Vice President of Special Mission Sales, Textron Aviation. “This next-generation training aircraft currently serves the U.S. Navy fleet and is ready to support the modernization of multi-engine military training worldwide.”  The Beechcraft King Air 260 at Farnborough: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh This state-of-the-art aircrew training aircraft was recently chosen to modernize aircrew training for the United States Navy’s Multi-Engine Training System (METS) and the Future Aircrew Training (FAcT) program in Canada. Specific capabilities include factory options for TACAN (Air to Air), angle of attack (AOA), V/UHF radio, digital audio system, engine trend monitoring, condition-based maintenance plus, observer/jump seat, passenger mission seats and full-face oxygen masks. “The Farnborough Airshow is a great venue to showcase our numerous commercial, defense, special mission and training solutions across our broad range of business platforms,” said Scott Donnelly, Textron’s Chairman and CEO. “For the first time ever, six of our businesses will be represented at an international show. Our full lineup will feature advanced rotorcraft, tactical turboprop and jet aircraft, precision weapons and unmanned aircraft; we look forward to meeting with customers and attendees from around the world who will experience our new and advanced products.”  This versatile aircraft continues to provide the cutting-edge touchscreen avionics technology in the cockpit,and even greater passenger comfort that you’ve come to expect from the King Air® turboprop family. Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  Textron Aviation aircraft are engineered to be flexible and accommodating to meet a number of mission specific challenges. Because this aircraft is primarily used for short military training flights, so there is no toilet on this aircraft. From Farnborough this aircraft flew to Glasgow, then onto Greenland, before heading over to make one or two more stops in North America before arriving at its intended destination: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  The King Air® 260 turboprop features optional SiriusXM® weather adding greater capability to areas outside the continental U.S., including Canada and Puerto Rico. Photo Copyright Navjot Singh  It has taken some time, but I finally managed to complete reading Typhoon The Inside Story of an RAF Fighter Squadron at War by RAF Wing Commander Mike Sutton (ret'd), a RAF fighter pilot for 18 years. The book provides a rare insight into the high-pressure, high-stakes world of an RAF fighter squadron at war. From the beginning to the end, the book is quite captivating, and provides a detailed and an adrenaline-fuelled, gripping account that puts the reader in the cockpit of one of the RAF's most modern combat aircraft. He takes us on an amazing journey right from childhood to his initial officer training commencing on 9 August 1999, and to his career until now. He deep dives into his career highlight of ending up flying the Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 — the workhorse of the Royal Air Force’s air combat fleet— in both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions to Iraq and Syria, where his squadron provided critical air support to ground troops. I am delighted that in this exclusive blog interview Mike shares his early beginnings in aviation, being selected to fly the Jag, what it was like to fly, and more!  Typhoon four-ship loaded with precision guided weapons en-route to a target: Photo Copyright Mike Sutton Nav Singh [NS]: Mike, thanks for taking time to contribute to my blog. What is your first memorable experience of aviation? Mike Sutton [MS]: Thanks a lot for having me here! Like a lot of kids, my first real interest in aviation began with the thrill and excitement of being a passenger on a commercial jet. Back in the days when you could, my brother and I were invited to the cockpit on one occasion. It was a night flight and I distinctly remember the orange glow of hundreds of lights, switches, and buttons all around the flight deck. Outside was pitch black, save for the shimmering glow of Paris far below, and rows of streetlights threading their way into the distant countryside. It was a staggering view. I bet thousands of kids have been inspired into careers in aviation because of moments like that. It’s a great shame that cockpit visits have been stopped.  RAF Wing Commander Mike Sutton was commanding officer of the RAF's 1 Fighter Squadron in 2016, and saw action over the badlands of Islamic State: Photo Copyright Mike Sutton NS: Did you always want to be a fighter pilot? How did you get into it as it is quite competitive? MS: I didn’t know much about the RAF when I was growing up. I thought that I wanted to fly, but no one in my family was in the military and the mid 1990s were pre-internet — it was tough to discover information about the role. I applied to the RAF at 17 and was didn’t get a job offer. So, having learned an early lesson in rejection, I went to university and joined the University Air Squadron. These organisations are a great way for people to explore a potential career in the RAF without signing up. I learnt how to fly the Bulldog in formation, at low level, at the hands of some fantastic RAF instructors. I then reapplied for a job — this time with a bit of flying under my belt and a fraction more life experience — and luckily made it through the net. Selection involved several days at RAF Cranwell comprising of computer aptitude tests, mathematics, interviews, group exercises and a full medical. It’s a pretty involved process. Every year thousands apply and only a few dozen make it from the application stage into the RAF as pilots.  Selfie. Fourship ingress to attack an IED factory: Photo Copyright Mike Sutton NS: What goes in your mind during a mission to target the enemy? What do you think about? MS: Complete and absolute focus on the task, pure and simple. In a single seat jet like the Typhoon, you are completely immersed in flying the aircraft and ensuring that your radar, weapons systems, and formation are perfectly configured to conduct a strike. It’s a very involved and considered process that begins with the rules of engagement and ensuring that there will be no collateral damage. It takes pilots between five and seven years of full-time immersive training before they even make it to their first squadron. They then must pass a lengthy phase of simulator and live flying training learning how to fly and fight that frontline aircraft in all the disciplines — air combat, intercepts, air defense and strike, using all the different aircraft systems such as the radar, targeting pod, datalink, and the various weapons. This is at day and night, in large formations, and in unfamiliar airspace. Only when you have proven yourself highly competent in all of these skillsets are you considered for an operational deployment.  Typhoon testing its 'flares' (infra red counter measures): Photo Copyright Mike Sutton NS: What tactics do you use to take your mind away from work after a mission? MS: When I left the RAF, I was asked what hobbies I had. ‘Hobbies! I joked; I hadn’t had any time!’ Days are invariably long on a fighter squadron, and you are out routinely out of the country on operations and exercises for six months of the year. People try to keep themselves fit and are normally juggling family life too, of course. An operational mission could last for eight hours airborne, so the whole cycle including planning, briefing, writing up reports was normally well over 12 hours. After that lot my first thoughts were normally about grabbing some food and getting some sleep! If I had some spare time I’d normally go for a run or head to the gym. As the squadron leader, I also had responsibility for the management of the pilots, engineers, and support staff — about 135 people in all. So, there was a fair amount of report writing and the normal process of meetings and management to keep a fighter squadron ticking along. Now I’m out of the military, I’ve found time to start playing sport again which I’m really enjoying.  Huge secondary explosions from the IEDs within the building cause an enormous column of smoke. Photo Copyright: Mike Sutton  RAF Typhoon jets fly over the white cliffs to conduct valuable training in October 2022. Photo Copyright: Flight Lieutenant Donovan, RAF 27 Squadron. NS: In 2015, as a RAF Typhoon multi-role fighter, you were part of the Red Flag exercise - what were some of the challenges, as the Typhoon [as you have quoted] is not optimized to fly across the Atlantic? MS: All combat aircraft are a compromise. Their designs try to strike a balance between range (fuel load), survivability (defensive systems) and potency (maneuverability and weapon load). Some are optimized to one more than the other — for example a bomber such as the B-2 Spirit Stealth has great range and payload but is not maneuverable. To get agility — an essential characteristic for a fighter — you normally have to compromise on weight, and that means having a fairly limited fuel load. Hence why most fast jets can only fly for a few hours and have to be able to conduct air-to-air refuelling. For long missions, or for deployments across the globe we would routinely take on fuel from a dedicated tanker aircraft. The RAF uses modified Airbus A330 aircraft that stream fuel hoses from their wings. The fighters need to position behind these and connect a probe on the fighter into the basket at the end of the hose. This is pure hands and feet flying — it is a such a dynamic process there is no computer assistance whatsoever. As the tanker’s wings flex in turbulence the hoses can whip up and down, so connecting in poor weather can be pretty tricky — and even harder at night when the process is conducted in total darkness. NS: Do you still fly [commercial or private etc.], and knowing that you are not in active in the armed forces, how do you keep fit and motivated now? MS: I’m still involved with the military. I fly for a commercial, civilian company who are contracted to provide operational readiness training for the military. In practice this means that we act as ‘the enemy’, conducting radar and communication jamming, and pretending to act as hostile aircraft for frontline air forces and navies to train against. This involves working with a lot of NATO countries and travelling around Europe and the Middle East. There are a lot of former fighter pilots in the company so there are shades of the previous role, although without quite the same pressure as before!  "The relaxed handling of a Typhoon enabled the pilot to concentrate on fighting — and in the world of air combat, where a battle can be won or lost in a fraction of a second, this marginal gain was a total game-changer,' said Wing Commander Mike Sutton. Photo Copyright AS1 Adams @ RAF Marham NS: These days it is all complex things like simulated Long Range AMRAAM, and not the old school skills of "rushing around at down low level and dropping bombs. Essentially, low level mud moving" to "multi-role" flying. What that in mind, is a non-stealthy aircraft still survivable in your opinion? MS: 100% there is a place for non-stealthy aircraft. Low observable jets have a key role in modern warfare, but they are expensive and have a particular skillset against certain target sets. Their low observability also means that they are compromised in other ways — for example payload. As an example, the F-35 Lightning II carries far fewer missiles than the F-15 Eagle. If you look at modern air forces, they aim to have a blend of 5th Generation ‘stealth’, and non-stealthy jets too. The fundamental issue actually concerns how forces should be balanced with capabilities, and this includes other assets such as drones, intelligence, cyber, etc. To use a slightly clunky medical analogy, a robust health service needs brain surgeons and GPs, as well as nurses and administrators.  A RAF Typhoon jet and a RAF Chinook helicopter fly over the white cliffs to conduct valuable training in October 2022. Photo Copyright: Flight Lieutenant Donovan, RAF 27 Squadron. NS: There are reports that the Tempest fighter jet will replace the existing Typhoon combat aircraft in service with the UK Royal Air Force by 2035. What are your thoughts on this? Where do you see the future of the typhoon in the RAF? MS: The Tempest looks great. It is a sixth-generation asset and aside from the tactical capability that it will offer – enabling us to compete in the 2040s and beyond — the very development process has huge spin-offs for industry and the strength of our sovereign capabilities. The number of programme sub-contractors already runs into the hundreds and many of these companies will be involved in developing novel high-end technology that will have benefits to the civilian engineering sector. I expect the Typhoon to continue for years to come. It is one of the best multi-role fighters in the world and is in its prime. The other thing to note is that the development of sovereign fighters is the only area of defence where the Treasury makes money back. People often quote the cost per airframe but forget that with exports the UK actually generates revenue in the £Billions from overseas aircraft sales. NS: I read your Telegraph piece and one thing would be good to know for readers: why do you think air forces are not good at explaining their role, or the timescales and efforts required to set the conditions for success? Is it challenging to explain the complexities of actual warfare – aside from when someone is actually sent on a mission? MS: It’s a great question, hugely multi-facetted and not a new issue. As a historical example, the bomber command crews during World War Two have never been awarded a medal despite being killed at a rate far higher the infantry fighting at the Somme. In the modern day, one aspect is that during ‘peacetime’ it’s very easy to take risk on the military capabilities you maintain. Despite the fact that forces have been actively involved in overseas operations for the last three decades, the conflicts have largely been ‘wars of choice’ rather than wars of national survival. So, it is easy for politicians to salami slice and cut militaries, with populations at home not really noticing. You only really need a strong military when the balloon goes up, and the very survival of your state is threatened. Then it is too late to start building up – as we are witnessing with the current brutality being suffered in Ukraine. An air force pilot takes years to train, and years more to be truly useful as an instructor and tactics expert. NS: Considering the geo-political eggshell situation the world is in now [Ukraine, Israel-Palestine, Yemen, Iran etc., and with threats from Russia and China …], investment in capabilities is desperately needed! There has been talk of the Global Combat Air Programme [GCAP], headquartered in the UK, which will see the development of a 6th generation combat aircraft with Japan and Italy due to be fielded in 2035. But considering how ridiculously SLOW things get going in the UK, how optimistic are you on the GCAP programme? MS: GCAP will invariably delay, but I do not see that as a particularly huge issue. There is value in the sovereign development process, and the end product will be superb. Until then we have a great force mix of F-35 Lightning II and Typhoon aircraft, which is as good as anything in the world. NS: An incredibly important conversation that people in the armed forces [as well as the same with submariners, astronauts and airline pilots, or other professionals that are exposed to danger] is having to deal with risk and death because the danger is on 24/7 all the time. Can you share the worst possible situation that you have ever experienced as a fighter pilot and how did you resolve or manage it? MS: Fighter pilots are invariably pretty composed people. We are good at coping in high stress environments and not reacting emotionally — I’d say that the other side of this coin is that we are pretty good at bottling issues up, which is not necessarily a good thing. Every fighter pilot will have used up some of their nine lives and have their own stories to tell — be it close calls with other aircraft, being targeted by threat systems, or suffering serious aircraft malfunctions. Many too, of course, have paid the ultimate sacrifice. It’s hugely positive that mental health is increasingly being acknowledged as an important issue, and that societies are moving towards providing better systems and care for veterans of conflict who need help. NS: Mike, thank you very much for spending time to share your thoughts. It has been an absolute pleasure having you on my blog! MS: You are welcome. The pleasure is mine. Thanks a lot, Nav!  I have just finished reading The Old Bold Pilot — a Pilot's Journey by captain Shakti Lumba and captain Priyanka Arora. “Ladies and gentleman, boy and girls…sit back, relax and enjoy the flight!” You’ve heard the announcement from the captain, but have you ever wondered what it's really like working in the front in the cockpit? These days, passengers are now prohibited from entering the cockpit during flight. Some aircraft are also equipped with CCTV cameras, so the pilots can monitor cabin activity, and some aircraft have extra gates to prevent anyone from entering the cockpit. Industry veteran captain Shakti Lumba — a pilot with over 40 years experience, who retired as IndiGo's vice president and had before that headed Alliance Air as well as being a union leader, has recently penned his memoirs to present to the lay reader a peek into Indian aviation through his personal journey. In this book, captain Lumba once again takes you beyond that locked door to see what the aviation industry is really like, and was like in India, and what real airline pilots do while you’re invited to “sit back, relax, and enjoy the flight.” Captain Lumba shares intimate details with typical humor and candor, and some interesting details, too that have not been heard of before. As captain Lumba describes it, this book is ‘many years of writing and six decades in the making’. It comes highly recommended!  Captain Shakti Lumba's original pilot's license for Indian Airlines: Copyright Shakti Lumba Captain Lumba, thank you very much for the time you have taken to do an interview with me about your work and life. I have read your book with interest, and it is remarkable that you have written this book from memory and the notes on your iPhone, as all your original flying logbooks and personal notes were destroyed by termites (sorry to read about that!). So, thanks for your time. It is the first time I have come across a book about aviation in India, and that written by an Indian. There may be others that I have not come across; so, excited that I have got my hands on this!  Glad to get my hands on this book! Nav Singh [NS]: You are quite known for your passion, knowledge, and deep opinions about everything related to aviation and the safety, but what is the root cause of that? Where does this constant thirst for answers come from? Shakti Lumba [SL]: Nav, firstly, thank you very much for having me on your blog. It is an absolute pleasure, and glad you enjoyed my book! My passion for aviation started when I was two years old after my father sadly passed away and my mother – making sure that I did not become sad – told me that he had gone to live in the sky with the stars! From there on then, I vowed to fly and bring him back. For me, the thirst for aviation related knowledge started with reading fiction about aviation. Works such as Biggles, Richard Bach, and Ernest K Gann kept me involved until I actually started flying and realised that knowledge was as important part, just as important as the flying skillset. On top of that, the thirst for knowledge led me to do a lot of reading about the airline and general aviation industry, including flying techniques. RAF AP 129 was my go-to book in regards to building up my aviation knowledge along with books on airline management. Books such as Safe Airline by John Michael Ramsden and Staying Current: A Proficiency Guide for Serious Pilots by Dan Manningham kept me on track. Later during my career, when I got involved with the pilot’s union and represented a pilot in a court of inquiry, which looked into the crash of a Boeing 737 aircraft in Ahmedabad in 1988, it really hit me regarding the the ICAO annexures! As time went, I learnt to fly with the mind and then use my hands and feet to remain safe and professional: the reverse usually leads to disaster!  Boeing 737-200, registered VT-EAH belonging to Indian Airlines, seen here taxiing on 13 November 1978. Sadly, ten years later this aircraft crashed on approach to Ahmedabad due to pilot error in bad weather killing 133 passengers and crew. Captain Lumba was involved in the follow-up investigation. Photo Copyright Indian Airlines/Air India NS: You refer to IndiGo as a fledgling carrier…why fledging? SL: During the five years I was with IndiGo Airlines, from a startup in 2005 until I left in February 2010, it was a fledging airline with ambitions to be India’ largest with just over 40 aircraft. Although, in total it had over 300 aircraft on order! Today, I am proud to say that it is India’s most profitable airline, and the largest operator of Airbus A320 family of aircraft.  Captain Lumba was the global vice president at InterGlobe Aviation Limited (known as IndiGo Airlines). The company is India's most successful airline, operating 354 aircraft (45 ATR 72-600 and 309 A320/A321 family of aircraft), with 945 Airbus A320/A321 family of aircraft on order!). Seen here is a A320neo (registered F-WWDG, delivered to registration to VT-ITI). NS: You mention in your book about a Boeing 737 flight in 1983 with two captains disagreed and that resulted in an accident (landing gear not retracted) and you say that this could not happen these days, but it does seem to be quite common. SL: They agreed but simply the pilot in command (PIC) forgot to lower the undercarriage, while the pilot not flying realized and kept quiet until the last minute. At about two hundred feet (minimums), he pointed out there was no gear, and the pilot flying flipped the gear lever to extend the gear. The gear came down but as it had not locked down properly, it folded with the airplane settling on its engines. Such an accident is not expected to happen these days because the landing gear unsafe warning gets an input from App/Land flaps and radio altimeter. However, to the aviation world’s shock, it did sadly happen a few years ago– an incident with PIA on flight 8303 in 2020 did exactly that and killed ninety-seven passengers, and studies have shown that it may happen again. That can only happen if there is a total breakdown in CRM, and if the checklist is not diligently followed by the crew or if there is some kind of mechanical partial gear failure. Also, note that a landing without a gear can be done safely provided the aircraft has low fuel and the plane is glided down gently – so it is not so dangerous, but the aircraft will [in most cases] be written off! There was a case of an Indian Airlines Airbus A300 that ran out of fuel after diverting from Hyderabad with flaps and slats stuck after a missed approach. The captain made a what we call a “gear up dead stick landing” in a paddy field. In that incident there were thankfully no injuries. So that shows the fantastic airmanship of flying a A300 wide body like a glider by stick and rudder only. It has also been achieved with a Boeing 767 LOT Polish Airlines flight 16 in November 2011 in Warsaw. NS: Now, regarding the Japan Airlines Flight 516 [JAL516] crash in January 2024 – many aviation experts have commented that such an incident could have resulted in fatalities if it had been in another country, such as India for example. This may be due to passengers taking time to get out or taking their belongings etc. – what are your thoughts on that? What would have been the case if it happened in India? SL: Unmitigated disaster: the pre-departure safety briefing provided on Air India for example is totally inadequate for flight safety in my opinion. Meanwhile, the Japan Airlines safety video actually shows passengers how to evacuate and enforces the point not to take hand baggage on case of an emergency.  Captain Shakti Lumba in the left seat!: Copyright Shakti Lumba NS: In your opinion, is Indian aviation safe, if not safer in 2024? SL: The Indian aviation industry is statically safe simply because of how that safety is measured. In actual fact, the largest number of aircraft type operated in India is the Airbus A320 family. This aircraft is very pilot friendly, forgiving and can literally fly itself if it has to! In my opinion, there is a clear and present risk of pilots losing their ability of basic flying skills because the operators mandate is to use the autopilot after take-off till moments before landing. In some airline companies, they have a simple rule about engaging the autopilot on the A320: not before 100 feet and only after 300 feet (~5 seconds) after rotation from the runway. This begs the question, “how do you keep up your skillsets of manual and visual flying if the machine is doing everything?” The answer? You don’t. This to my mind is a huge safety risk if the automatic functions and systems fail. Another safety risk relates to the Flight and Duty Time Limitation [FDTL] prescriptive limits as per ICAO which operators schedule pilot to. This includes the maximum flight duty, unlimited daily duty and minimum legal rest time. The recent amendments to FDTL have given some respite but the carriers are up in arms! Therefore, in my opinion, Indian aviation is destined for growth but there is the risk of reduced regulatory oversight and the system working at it limits. Somethings got to give. The issue is increase in wakefulness and lack of sleep. Fatigue has also been identified in several other major aircraft accidents as either a cause or a contributing factor (National Transportation Safety Board [NTSB], 2000, 2001, 2010; Libyan Civil Aviation Authority, 2013). In addition, aviation policies reflect the importance of fatigue in aviation safety. Since 1972, more than two hundred safety recommendations issued by the NTSB focused on fatigue (Marcus and Rosekind, 2017). Moreover, pilot fatigue has been on the NTSB’s most wanted list of safety-related priorities since 1990 (Caldwell, 2012). These policies do not seem to have resulted in a significant improvement; however, as 23% of major aviation accidents between 2001 and 2012 were attributed to fatigue, compared with 21% in a 1980 study (Lyman and Orlay, 1981; Marcus and Rosekind, 2017). A very illustrating example of fatigue and its effect on the safe piloting of an aircraft is provided by the 2010 crash of Air India Express Flight 812, which crashed upon landing in Mangalore, costing the life of 158 of the 166 people on-board. Residual sleepiness and impaired judgement were believed to have contributed to this accident, as the cockpit voice recorder indicated that the captain had been asleep for the first hour and 40 minutes of the 2 hours and 5 minutes flight (Court of Inquiry India, 2010). According to the NTSB, this was the first instance of snoring recorded on a cockpit voice recorder! Therefore, in my opinion, fatigue is a clear and present danger to safety of aircraft operations. NS: There has been quite a lot of discussion about five B777-200LR aircraft, leased by Air India from Delta Air Lines, with oxygen issues as per this link, what are your thoughts on this on-going saga and the strained relations between Air India’s senior pilots & management? SL: For flights over mountainous terrain with limited passenger oxygen in case of depressurization/ 50% power loss, escape routes must be provided in the flight plan so that the pilot-in-command (PIC) can choose a route that is safe so that passengers can have enough oxygen supply without harm. The issue is that Air India does not provide the crew with escape routes in the flight plan and expects the PIC to decide on an escape plan on the fly. Another issue is that Air India’s leadership prohibits pilots from joining a trade union or associations. It is only airline in the country where every airline pilot is dissatisfied because of bad management, corporate bullying and other such actions which do not make it a safe airline to fly with and are not cohesive to safe operations. NS: Competition from Middle Eastern and Asian carriers is stiff, but with your vast experience, what do you think needs to be done to make Air India one of the best airlines in the world again? Are they (the management) doing what they should be doing? SL: I would say that Tata’s style of management is purely production related in order to generate revenue and focus on profits first and is not focused on the customers or their staff – both their internal and external customers. NS: Now, coming to the important topic of fatigue and sleep: we have been reading a lot about pilots sadly dying because of the extensive hours they have worked because of a lack of sleep. Why is this happening a lot now than before in your opinion and what could be done to fix such things that are “ailing Indian aviation” according to analysts? SL: As I mentioned in detail above, airlines treat pilots like bots these days! Poor crew scheduling and poor HR policies and procedures are the biggest headaches for pilots. Just like in any other industry, pilots don’t leave a company, they leave bad bosses! The issue of work/life balance does not exist, and it is not even considered as a human requirement. The management consider pilot reporting fatigue as malingering. NS: Would it be fair to say that your career was more about your passion and dream of flying rather than the money? What are your thoughts about the youth of today who want to enter aviation because of the big bucks rather than the passion of flying (take some Middle Eastern and Chinese carriers for example)? I am saying this because you see plenty of young airline pilots flaunting their newly found wealth on Instagram or Twitter (wearing a Breitling watch, driving luxury cars or showing off about drinking expensive whiskey etc…). SL: Yes, that would be a fair comment to make. For me it was all about passion, as we weren’t paid well, until at least 1996 (!) My salary only got boosted after my negotiation with the pilot’s union. However, it was based on work more, earn more. I was quite busy with office-based work and with that I could only get on average approximately 60 hours at most per month. However, I was content and happy, and I prioritized my happiness, heath and needs over wants. The guys you talk about we called (Equated Monthly Installment) EMI pilots, who loved (or still love!) buying snazzy cars and fancy goods on EMI equated monthly instalments: as their wants increased, so did their debt!  Alliance Air was a subsidiary of Indian Airlines [and later Air India]. Seen here one of the first aircraft in the fleet, a Boeing 737-238 Adv registered VT-EGI. Pictured in 2007. Photo Copyright Peter Marianic NS: You have at first hand seen many colorful airlines come and go (Kingfisher, Jet Airways, Alliance Air [merged with AI], ModiLuft, Vayudoot etc. because of financial woes), what, in your opinion, is the missing secret sauce for India to have a successful world-class airline that can be stable and provide an exceptional customer and safety experience? (i.e., how to make the likes of SIA, EK, QR jealous etc…) SL: Initially, I helped to merge Vayudoot into Indian Airlines: Alliance was a subsidiary of Indian Airlines that I started – it was my baby, like IndiGo. Now, Modiluft was an air taxi service using a Boeing 737-200 and a Boeing 737-200, which eventually became Spice Jet (they are always short of cash, and that is in their DNA!). Sahara, Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways went down into bankruptcy due to promoters skimming their airlines after they went public. The secret sauce to having a successful airline is to be well capitalized from start and make low cost as your mantra and your philosophy, and this should not be your strategy when times are tough. IndiGo keeps costs in control and seldom sells below costs and therefore it is quite profitable. Now, with Tata, Air India will bring no profits for at least 10-12 years (yes, you read that right…years!) and for that they do need to get their act together.  Shakti Lumba was one of the early pioneers of Vayudoot Airlines. Seen here is a Dornier 228: Photo Copyright Vayudoot Airlines  Modiluft Airlines, Boeing 737-4Y0, registered G-UKLB pictured in 1996 at Southend Airport [ex VT-MGE, MSN: 23865]. Photo Copyright David Oates  Modiluft Airlines, Boeing 737-230 Adv registred D-ABFF [ex VT-MGE, MSN: 22117]. Pictured in 1996 in Hamburg. Photo Copyright AirlineRoline NS: The merger of Air India and Indian Airlines, coupled with the unviable decision to purchase 111 new aircraft, contributed to the downfall of Air India, said the Minister of Civil Aviation, Jyotiraditya Scindia a few years back. Despite all else, it was clear that Indian Airlines was doing well as a profitable airline, but since the late 1980s, Air India started making losses…so any ideas why were they merged together? And any lessons we can learn today? SL: This merger was a merger of chalk and cheese and would never have worked. Only now it was somewhat stabilizing and then Tata took over. Now they are merging four airlines into two. Regarding the aircraft orders, I was one of the few who supported it. The airline needed new aircraft, or it would have drowned. The kicker in the pack was a very badly negotiated deal by novices. The government withdrew sovereign guarantees, so Air India ended up taking loans at commercial rates up to 16% interest (!). Can you imagine? It is crazy! Knuckleheads, in my opinion.  '50 Years of Flying' for Indian Airlines titles. Indian Airlines and subsequently Air India were the only airlines who had A320s with dobule wheel bogies due to India's low pavement classifiction runways in the 1990s / 2000s. Indian Airlines, Airbus A320-231 registred VT-ESA, MSN: 499]. Pictured in July 2004 in Bangkok. Photo Copyright Anthony Jackson  Laksh Farm, India: Photo Copyright Shakti Lumba NS: Please tell us about Laksh farms and foundation, and anything you want the readers to know. SL: Laksh Farms is named after my dearly departed mother. Her name was Lakshmi and my father used to call her ‘Laksh’ which became her pet name. The book describes how I found it and developing it into a successful farm. was a great labor of love – I often say that it is my third startup! My wife and I have created a beautiful natural heavenly place, which we are now proud to call home. It is nestled in a valley in the Aravalli range and has great energy and good vastu (home). It was developed from a total waste land that I bought in 1997 and I turned it into paradise, planted over 2,000 trees, ornamentals, mangoes, chikoo fruit (Sapodilla), citrus and ambles. One visitor described Laksh as “one doesn’t need to die to see heaven. Just visit Laksh farms”. The farm, besides being an agricultural farm with a dairy, chicken, geese, rabbits, is also a farm stay and open for bookings for a farm day. We practice natural farming, and at Laksh we also have the fabulous The Laksh Foundation in Haryana, India. This is a women self-help group and includes the Laksh Foundation Education Society. The education society provides free post school tutorials to around 1,200 kids in five neighboring villages. As a small NGO, organic farm and women’s sewing co-operative, it also began to offer free education to the children of local farm workers, offering them a way to improve their futures – and this is where we partnered with Warwick University, one of the UK's leading universities, with an acknowledged reputation for excellence in research, teaching, and innovation. Warwick worked with the Foundation since the beginning and have helped to shape our teaching programmes over time, until at least the start of the Pandemic. Warwick would send 12 volunteers during the summer holidays for three months for a teach the teacher program. In this program we were able to develop 40 of the brightest kids into educators who teach the kids and also learn to graduate in the Open University program. The foundation is a charitable foundation and is totally dependent on family and friend support. We have a computer lab for students and have tied up a weekly visit by a group of doctors who spend half a day at our village, Mangar, for medical consultation and provision of medicines for poor villagers. Laksh is our small way of giving back to society and nature from whom we took so much till retirement: Laksh is our home and was one of the best decisions I took to avoid the rat race and the hustle and bustle of city life. We are only an hour away from Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon and Faridabad yet set in tranquil settings – so near and yet so far! Bouquets and brickbats as we say.  Laksh Farm: Photo Copyright Shakti lumba NS: Has India seen more near misses and collisions than other major aviation hubs/global average? SL: Not at all. As air traffic increases in the limited airspace, incidents of reduced separation are not only common but are not alarming and fall within the very low risk statistical average. There are risk mitigation options, both human and non-human. The whole issue comes under Communication Navigation Surveillance and the Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM). The most common human factor is fatigue in the cockpit or in the control tower with overworked and exhausted controllers and pilots. We need to bring in more stringent fatigue management and fatigue risk management laws with penalties for aircraft operators & air traffic control (ATC) managers. This is the responsibility of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), which they unfortunately do not take as seriously as other safety regulators because of the commercial pressure from aircraft operators and the Airport Authority of India [AAI] who manage the CNS/ATM. A shortage of pilots and controllers adds to longer duty time, reduced rest and increased fatigue. NS: Who is to blame for such instances? Airlines, airports, or ground staff authorities? SL: In aviation, we don't play the blame game only look for the probable cause and learn from any incidents. NS: How can that gap be filled and who must fill it? SL: The only logical answer is to increase the airspace and improve surveillance by satellites. Air India and the DGCA are under no pressure to bring is proper laws to properly manage the fatigue issues for pilots and controllers. NS: Mr. Lumba, thank you very much for spending time to share your thoughts. It has been an absolute pleasure having you on my blog!
SL: You are welcome. The pleasure is mine. Thanks a lot, Nav!  Oberteuringen, March 14, 2024 - IHSE, the leading manufacturer of high-end KVM solutions for the extension and switching of computer signals, announces that it has equipped a high-altitude Chinese airport with a fully redundant KVM solution for fail-safe air traffic control. Over the past few years, IHSE KVM solutions have become an important and crucial element in air traffic control systems in major airports around the world. IHSE systems enable controllers in the visual control room to interact with all tower system equipment located in ground-level equipment room. Air traffic controllers can interact with all essential systems from their personal workstations, switch between them and react instantly to all eventualities. For these security-critical applications, IHSE KVM systems offer increased protection against cyber attacks and a comprehensive redundancy concept for fail-safe 24/7 operation. IHSE KVM systems are deployed by several government aviation authorities and in many major global airports, including Frankfurt, Paris and King Abd al-Aziz Airport in Saudi Arabia. Air traffic management at an altitude of 3,500mAn IHSE system was recently installed in China at one of the highest airports in the world at an altitude of over 3,500 meters - the airport is unnamed. The extraordinary location presented the system planners with special challenges and posed complex requirements on equipment and systems that are not generally encountered in lower-level airports. The combination of low air pressure, difficult terrain and geomorphological features, high winds, low cloud and extreme diurnal temperature differences calls for a particularly robust and resilient system. These are in addition to the normal requirements for the highest levels of security and reliability that are essential in air traffic management systems.
The fully redundant KVM system deployed here comprises two Draco tera flex KVM matrix switches with automatic switchover to a hot standby unit in the unlikely event of a failure of the primary switch. For further protection, the installation includes redundant power supplies and redundant fiber optic connections. The IHSE solution creates optimum working conditions for air traffic controllers, who can switch all information sources to the screens directly from their multi-monitor workstations and immediately access all tower systems to ensure safe flight operations. From March 19-21, 2024, IHSE will present its flexible and highly secure KVM solutions for towers, apron control, simulation rooms, baggage handling and passenger information systems at Airspace World 2024 in Geneva.  Seen here is an Air India Boeing 777-200LR [Registration VT-AEG, MSN: 30440, one of the aircraft leased from Delta Air Lines - Ex reg N706DN]] on final approach. Photo Copyright Trevor Carl. Since I published my second blog article on the 25th of January – where I highlighted some exclusive insights relating to a whistleblower Air India captain, who cannot be named for legal reasons, raising concerns about passenger and Boeing 777-200LR aircraft safety [claiming they're flying illegally and could be left without oxygen if the cabin were to suffer a sudden decompression] – I have the following updates: COMPLAINTS SENT TO THE DGCA BY THE WHISTLEBLOWER CAPTAINThe whistleblower captain has sent a series of complaints via emails in 2024 filed with the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) dated the 2nd of January, 27th of January, and the 7th of February. In these complaints, he painstakingly explains to the DGCA that he was “illegally terminated from Air India”. He further “requested multiple times from the DGCA to hold a fair and just enquiry to be conducted based on the principles of natural justice, pertaining to the safety violation”, which he believes is being done willfully and deliberately even though Air India officials have been cautioned since January 2023. According to the DGCA, they conducted a comprehensive investigation into the alleged violations. "Since the investigation prima facie revealed non-compliance by the airline, a show cause notice was issued to the Accountable Manager of Air India Limited", said the DGCA. "The response to the show cause notice was duly examined with respect to the laid down stipulations under the relevant statutory provisions and the performance limits stipulated in critical documentations laid down by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)", it said. Of paramount importance to the whistleblower captain is that he wants to understand “why the DGCA hasn’t taken any corrective action against Air India to stop operating those illegal flights”, which was the primary subject of his complaint [because he believes this is a cause of extreme danger to the lives of passengers and crew on these leased Boeing 777-200LR aircraft while flying between Indian cities and San Francisco [SFO]]. The whistleblower captain states that Air India is "misusing the privileges of the Air Operator’s Certificate on a daily basis, which is a license by the granted by the DCGA to legally operate a commercial airline. Misusing privileges of license on a daily basis warrants a serious review of the situation”. HOW IT ALL STARTEDI have also read with interest some highly sensitive and confidential information relating to this matter shared by the whistleblower captain. From these documents, some things can be made public, especially in relation to how this situation got to where we are today. On the 22nd of January 2023, the whistleblower captain raised a voluntarily safety report by writing to the various heads of departments of Air India via an email regarding this critical issue. Prior to this date, he did extensive research into this important matter. While his research was on-going regarding the same issue, on the 30th of January he was scheduled to operate a similar flight from SFO to Bangalore. On that day, for the route which he was assigned to operate as the PIC (Pilot in Command), he was presented with at least three flight plans, one after the other. These were presented by the flight planners at the IFD [Integrated Flight Dispatch] via the flight dispatch office in New Delhi. However, he felt he had no choice but to reject all of the flight plans because “he was duty bound towards the safety of his passengers and crew, as these flight plans were planned in a manner which was not only illegal but also fatal for the passengers and crew in case a depressurization emergency were to take place on certain segments of the route”. Therefore, he insisted that a safe and legal routing be offered by the flight dispatch department between SFO and Bangalore. Now, because of the change in the routing demanded by the whistleblower captain [PIC in this case], the flight dispatch office had to figure out an alternate route beyond the job of automatically printing out the everyday flight plan routings. It is a standard procedure to get a flight plan before any flight; however, the issue here is that getting alternate flight plans for this reason is not a regular occurrence. Sometimes an airline will have a standard route it uses for a flight – mostly on short domestic routes – and these routes will be saved in a database on the aircraft’s Flight Management Computer [FMC]. The FMC is an advanced computer system that plays a key role in providing flight guidance and control to the aircraft and is a critical component of the Boeing 777 aircraft which contains navigation and aircraft performance data. The FMC works in conjunction with other systems, such as the Flight Management System (FMS), the autopilot and auto – throttle etc., to ensure safe and efficient flight operations. Ultimately, the FMC is responsible for calculating and displaying essential flight-related information to the pilots, including routes, speeds, altitudes, and vertical and lateral navigation. It also controls the autopilot and auto throttle systems, helping to maintain the aircraft’s stability and performance during various phases of flight. Therefore, each flight route is planned based on several factors, including options for speed, altitude, fuel consumption, alternate airport/route, weight etc. Under normal circumstances, some of these things may of course change pending any requests from Air Traffic Control [ATC], weather, commercial dept. of the airline, such as for example last minute changes in cargo or the number of passengers. Although the standard distance doesn’t usually change; however, with every flight the time taken to fly the same route can change (and therefore the fuel required) could alter, for example it would take longer if you were flying in strong head winds. Airlines require permission to fly through the airspace of each country they pass over. If for any reason you don’t have permission, the route will be altered, and they also try to find the most inexpensive route [compatible in every sense.]. LEASED BOEING 777-200LR AIRCRAFT ILL-EQUIPPED IN TERMS OF OXYGEN FOR THE FLOWN ROUTES As per the whistleblower captain’s extensive research, he noted that his “aircraft was not equipped with the legal amount of stored breathing oxygen to provide passengers in case there was an emergency descent required over Greenland due to vast stretches of high mountainous terrain throughout the continent”. Furthermore, on the day of that flight the whistleblower captain realized the same held true for other route segments which were passing over high mountainous regions such as the Rockies and some parts of China [ especially Kunming airspace] as well. "For these leased aircraft, it is not safe and legal to fly over China's high mountainous terrain, especially around the Kunming ZPKM flight information region (FIR, which is Airway A599 and then Airway A581] which contains the Kunming, Lijiang, Dali airspace" said the whistleblower captain. He noted that “it would have taken a considerable amount of time, which was much more than the capability of Air India’s leased B777-200LR aircraft, which carried only 12 minutes of stored/breathing oxygen on board, to descend to at least an altitude of 10,000 feet or below to prevent passengers from experiencing hypoxia”.  Map of China's flight information regions (FIRs). The Kunming FIR region is the one with high mountainous terrain. Air India's Boeing 777-200LR flights are being used to fly Indian destinations to SFO via the Kunming FIR, Wuhan FIR, and Shanghai FIR regions over China and then onto South Korea and the Pacific Ocean: Copyright ICAO.  Here is a screenshot of Air India flights AI179 [Mumbai to San Francisco] and AI180 [New Delhi to San Francisco] on the 13th of February 2024 at 13:30 GMT over the Kunming FIR. Both these aircraft are the leased Boeing 777-200LR ones from Delta Air Lines: Photo Copyright FlightRadar24  Kunming FIR in detail with coordinates: Photo Copyright ICAO FLIGHT PLANS NOT COMPATIBLEDespite the aircraft not being equipped with more than 12 minutes of stored breathing oxygen, the whistleblower captain, while he was still at the crew hotel in San Francisco, noticed the initial flight plan he was presented with was illegal because it required him to fly the Boeing 777-200LR aircraft with less than the minimum legal amount of stored breathing oxygen over high mountainous terrain, especially the route segment over the Rockies. Fearing for the safety of the lives of his passengers and crew, he requested the flight planners at the IFD to provide an alternate flight plan. Almost seven hours went before the flight dispatch team provided him with a flight plan which was legally acceptable. “This highlights gross incompetence on the part of the Air India flight dispatch team, which is supposed to be of assistance to its operations 24/7 and efficiently and timely produce results, such as providing a flight plan even if it requires a change in routing,” said the whistleblower captain. That was to be the whistleblower’s final flight, and since then he claims, “Air India has illegally terminated me without conducting a proper enquiry”. I wonder if the passengers were ever refunded for this flight. I have reached out to Air India’s press office for a comment but have not received a response. PASSENGER WOES ON INDIA-SAN FRANCISCO ROUTESMind you, this is not the first time an Air India flight from San Francisco to India [and vice-versa] has been delayed. On June 6, 2023, Air India flight AI173D from Delhi [DEL] to San Francisco [SFO] carrying 216 passengers and 16 crew on board was diverted to the Magadan port city in far east Russia following a mid-air glitch in one of the Boeing 777-200LR aircraft engines. All passengers and crew were stranded in the port city for two days, and the replacement aircraft ferried them to San Francisco on 8 June. However, the return flight to Mumbai was cancelled. "Air India flight AI180, scheduled to operate from San Francisco (SFO) to Mumbai (BOM) on June 8, 2023, was cancelled due to an unforeseen technical issue," an Air India spokesperson said. It is a sad state of affairs for an airline that was once known as a world-class luxury brand, especially in the 60s, 70s, and the 80s. By the 1970s Air India had over 10,000 employees in over 50 countries. It was a brand to be reckoned with and had an aura of sheer glamour and excitement. According to the book “Empires of the Sky – The Politics, Contests and Cartels of World Airlines.” by Anthony Sampson, Air India’s founder, the legendary aviator and industrialist J.R.D. Tata was approached to design Singapore Airlines’ inflight services which international travelers speak of highly today. The best of Asian hospitality that Thai Airways and Cathay Pacific are known for today was first embodied by Air India right from the 1950s. However, things began to deteriorate from the 1990s onwards as competition became fiercer, especially from the Middle Eastern and other Asian carriers. Air India began making heavy losses after merging with the state-owned domestic operator Indian Airlines in 2007. It relied on taxpayer-funded bailouts to stay operational, and since then it has sadly been the butt of jokes for bad quality of service.  Air India used to be one of the world's most glamourous airlines in the 1960s and 70s: Picture Copyright: Architecturaldigest.in DETAILS NOT CLEARThe captain claims he did not refuse to fly, but instead he asked for an alternate route because he was concerned for the safety of the lives of the passengers and crew members.
A few details are murky and not clear as mud: why did it take the flight planners almost seven hours to provide the captain with an alternate [legally acceptable] flight plan at San Francisco? [note that airlines are used to operating and working in 24/7 time zones for emergencies like this, and the resources are there for back up support.], has this ever happened before with any other airline? More importantly, what exactly has the DGCA fined Air India for? and under what provision of the law (DCGA Civil Aviation Regulations [CAR])? and why has not the order dated 24th of January 2024 against Air India been made public by DGCA? The whistleblower captain “has not had any replies, even after he has applied under the 2005 Right to Information Act”. The whistleblower captain has also asked [I quote] “Why has the DGCA not publicly disclosed the order copy dated the 24th of January 2024, which imposes a fine on Air India, especially to the whistleblower captain, as he is the complainant?” He further states that “the DGCA have released a press note, which is ambiguous and not specific. This order should have been made public to all the stakeholders to learn from it and understand it from the air safety point of view to implement these safe practices in their airlines and know what not to do”. Another veteran airline captain spoke to me on condition of anonymity and said: “It is important to note that whistleblowers play a crucial role in the fight for accountability and a fairer and safer world, and especially in aviation”.  Since I published my blog yesterday – where I highlighted some unique insights relating to a whistleblower Air India captain, who cannot be named for legal reasons, and who raised concerns with the airline about passenger and aircraft safety [claiming they're flying illegally] – a couple of interesting things have happened. Firstly, we heard that Captain Vivek Chhabra, the Chief Flight Operations Inspector [CFOI] has been fired rather unceremoniously by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). Secondly, on top of this, the DGCA fined Air India over US$132,000 for safety violations on some of its ultra-long-haul flights to the US. This has happened, as per my understanding, after an internal investigation carried out by the DGCA. The aviation watchdog slapped the fine on Air India for flouting rules with respect to flights operated on certain long routes over vast stretches of mountainous terrain. "We disagree with the order issued by the DGCA. The issues raised were thoroughly examined by Air India along with external experts concluding that there was no compromise on safety, whatsoever. We are studying the order in detail and will review the options available to us, including our right to appeal as well as taking it up with the regulator," the airline said in a statement. According to the whistleblower captain "if the DGCA had included the complainant (the whistleblower captain) in the investigation, then no stones would have been left unturned. For reasons best known to the DGCA, they have ensured that the complainant (whistleblower captain) has not been a part of this investigation”.  Seen here is one of the five affected aircraft. An Air India Boeing 777-232LR [registered VT-AEH. MSN 39091. Ex-registration N707DN] seen on approach to San Francisco: Photo Copyright Reuters Furthermore, the captain claims he doesn’t think the DGCA has acted fairly, and a proper investigation has not been carried out because he believes a fine is not enough to deter the airline.
He said “considering the grave breaches of duty by Air India, I fear this will enable Air India to essentially go Scott free by paying a paltry amount of over US$132,000, even though the breaches are of a very serious nature and affect the public at large”. He does have a point. Whatever the actual circumstances that led to the sacking of the whistleblower pilot, there are still thornier questions for both the DGCA and Air India about their approach on handling this case. Analysts and experts have been asking for some time whether fines actually change human and corporate behaviour? This is true not just relevant for the aviation industry, but also in healthcare, railways, and any other customer-facing industry. Or is there something else that can be done to make us better human and corporate beings? “The DGCA should have held a full enquiry against Air India and ought to have called me as I would have brought on record the grave and serious issue and further mala fides of Air India in terminating my employment so as to hush up the matter,” the captain went on to say. On whether airlines should be penalised for safety failures, the whistleblower captain said “there is no point – the basic ethos of any airline is “safety first”. However, Air India has proven by this very example [of being fined] that they are putting “safety last”. Profits over safety has made Air India tie itself up in knots”. 
Farnborough Airshow 2022: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
The air show was delayed for two years during the pandemic
This week saw the welcome return of the Farnborough Air Show. Running from 18-22 July, visitors were treated to displays, press releases, panel roundtables, exhibitions from the aviation industry, including aerospace, defense. Issues such as Environmental, Governance and Sustainability (ESG) were high on the agenda, with aircraft manufacturers and airlines promising smarter technology, cleaner fuel, and greener business. This means more room for highly fuel efficient and quieter aircraft, and hopefully less expensive to operate.
As an example, Airbus and CFM International are collaborating to flight test CFM’s cutting-edge open fan engine architecture on board an Airbus A380. The Flight Test Demonstrator is aimed to mature and accelerate the development of advanced propulsion technologies, as part of CFM’s Revolutionary Innovation for Sustainable Engine (RISE) demonstration programme. “New propulsion technologies will play an important role in achieving aviation’s net-zero objectives, along with new aircraft designs and sustainable energy sources,” said Sabine Klauke, Airbus Chief Technical Officer. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, astronaut Tim Peake, and British Transport Secretary Grant Shapps visited the show in the first two days. The Prime Minister met some of the 1,500 exhibitors at one of the world’s biggest aerospace and defense trade shows. In a speech, Mr Johnson said: "I’m glad that I finally made it to Farnborough, this famous air show, in the climactic weeks of my time as Prime Minister." The photos in this blog were taken over the five days, in a period in which we experienced the hottest day ever in the history of records in the UK (40.2C) on Tuesday July 19, followed by the obligatory rain showers. Hence why you seen a blue sky in some photos and a dark grey in others. 
Farnborough Airshow 2022: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Were there many orders?
With this being the first show in four years (and with a delay due to the Pandemic), it seemed and came across as a quieter affair compared to previous shows. There wasn't the much anticipated fanfare that happened in previous years. But one thing was clear: Boeing seemed to do quite well in terms of orders. Though Airbus, meanwhile, managed to conduct just two sales on the premises of the airshow, one for the A220 and one for the A321neo. However, it had secured a big win just ahead of Farnborough, with China’s top three carriers ordering almost 300 A320 family aircraft on 1 July, 2022. This chart from AeroTime shows a breakdown of the orders made in this year's show, and Boeing has certainly made more orders in 2022:
The Boeing 737 MAX 10
The largest of the 737 MAX family, the Boeing 737 MAX 10, made its international debut at the Farnborough International Airshow 2022. During the show, the aircraft ran on a blend of sustainable aviation fuel. Before the show, Boeing had already received more than 3,300 net orders for 737 MAX narrow bodies, and kicked off the Farnborough Airshow with firm order signings with Delta Air Lines, Inc. for at least 100 Boeing 737 MAX 10 jets and with All Nippon Airways parent ANA Holdings for twenty 737 MAX 8s, along with two Boeing 777-8F cargo variants.
Also, Qatar Airways made official an order for 25 Boeing 737 MAX 10 aircraft, with options for a further 25 of the type. "We are honored that Qatar Airways has decided to add Boeing’s single-aisle family to its fleet, deepening our relationship with this world-class airline," said Stan Deal, President and CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes. "The 737 MAX 10 is ideally suited for Qatar Airways’ regional network and will provide the carrier with the most capable, most fuel-efficient airplane in its class," he added. The order, worth $3.4 billion at list prices, capped a largely one-sided show dominated by Boeing's efforts to shore up the MAX 10, whose future lies partly in the hands of regulators and Congress. Qatar Airways displayed its Boeing 777-300ER (FIFA World Cup 2022 Livery), 787-9 Dreamliner and Qatar Executive Gulfstream at the airshow. 
The Boeing 737 MAX 10 at Farnborough. The B737 MAX 10 incorporates the latest technology CFM International LEAP-1B engines, Advanced Technology winglets, Boeing Sky Interior, large flight deck displays, and other improvements to deliver the highest efficiency. Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Stanley A Deal, Executive Vice President, President and Chief Executive Officer at Boeing Commercial Airplanes with Akbar Al Baker, Group CEO of Qatar Airways and Secretary-General of Qatar Tourism at the Farnborough Airshow: Photo Copyright Boeing Company
The Boeing 737 MAX 10 at Farnborough. Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
The Boeing 737 MAX 10 winglet is the most efficient winglet on any airplane: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
The Boeing 737 MAX 10 leaves Farnborough after the show back to Seattle via Reykjavik. The 737 MAX 10 will continue test flights and obtain its type certificate before it can begin scheduled operations. The delay, caused by the problems of the 737 MAX 8 and the extended scrutiny of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), is a major stumbling block in its commercialization. Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
The Boeing 777X
One of the highlights of 2022’s edition of the show was the huge Boeing 777X, the world’s largest and most efficient twin-engine jet, which the manufacturer showed off in both static and flying displays. With new breakthroughs in aerodynamics and engines, the 777X will deliver 10 percent lower fuel use and emissions and 10 percent lower operating costs than the competition. The 777X is based on the original 777, but is much larger, more powerful, and is ready to serve the next generation of long-haul air travel, and generally passengers prefer large aircraft, and this will not disappoint!
Even though the 777X has been delayed by over five years, we are in this interesting period where the airlines that were affected by the delay have almost got over that part now. The COVID-19 Pandemic, if anything, has helped that cause. With any new aircraft, airlines are usually cautious. It is going to be great for the passengers and great for the airlines, too! 
With the wingtips extended, the 777X has a wingspan of 71.75 meters (235 feet and 5 inches). On the ground and when the wingtips are folded, the aircraft has a wingspan of 64.82m (212’ 8”): Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
So far 8 customers have confirmed orders for the Boeing 777X: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
The Boeing 777X during a display at the Farnborough 2022 Airshow: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Warm champagne anyone?
The show also saw the introduction of some interesting features that we may see. Thanks to the team at Turningleftforless for taking this video of a "Champagne on Demand" as demonstrated by Adient collaborating with Boeing to explore improved comfort, functionality of commercial aircraft seating and interiors. My mate, James Nixon (ex- A380 captain), queried "Why does any airline exec think passengers want to drink warm champagne?".
Airbus A350-900 XWB and the Airbus A220-300
Airbus brought its A350 test aircraft for display flights throughout the show. Also, Airbus showcased an ITA Airways A350-900 and an Air Baltic A220-300 aircraft on the ground.
Airbus A350-900 XWB displaying at Farnborough: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Airbus A350-900 XWB displaying at Farnborough: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Airbus A350-900 XWB displaying at Farnborough: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Italy's ITA Airways showcased their brand new Airbus A350-900 XWB, registered EI-IFF: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Italy's ITA Airways showcased their brand new Airbus A350-900 XWB, registered EI-IFF: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Italy's ITA Airways showcased their brand new Airbus A350-900 XWB, registered EI-IFF: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Italy's A350-900 and Air Baltic's A220: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
The APU of Italy's ITA Airways brand new Airbus A350-900 XWB, registered EI-IFF: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Italy's ITA Airways showcased their brand new Airbus A350-900 XWB, registered EI-IFF: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Air Baltic's A220. One of the biggest orders for the aircraft came from Delta Air Lines, Inc. Delta Air Lines firmed up orders for 12 A220-300 aircraft, bringing Delta’s total firm order for A220s to 107 aircraft – 45 A220-100s and 62 A220-300s. The A220s will be powered by Pratt & Whitney GTF™ engines. Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
New British Airline: Hans Airways
Start-up carrier Hans Airways moved a step closer to launching flights between the UK and India, with the lease of an A330-200 aircraft and the start of crew training. According to the CEO, Satnam S. Saini, the aircraft is weeks away from launch.
The airline plans to launch flights between Birmingham airport and Amritsar as a key destination using an ex-Air Europa A330 and with a two class configuration – economy (branded Anand Class) with 274 seats and a seat pitch of 31 inches, and premium economy (Anand Plus) with 24 seats and a seat pitch of 56 inches. Updating the media on progress Barry Humphries, CBE, Hans Airways’ board director and former head of air services policy at the UK Civil Aviation Authority, said: “With the loss of flights operated by India’s Jet Airways and British inclusive tour operators Thomas Cook and Monarch Airlines, there is room for a third UK airline flying between UK and India (complementing British Airways and Virgin Atlantic.) All of us are working exceptionally hard and on schedule to be that third UK designated carrier.” Supernal's eVTOL vehicle cabin
Supernal's eVTOL vehicle cabin concept was on display at the Farnborough International Airshow, and provided the first look at how Hyundai Motor Group (the Group) is integrating automotive capabilities to develop the Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) market. Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Black Eagles and the Boeing Stearman (Aerosuperbatics Wingwalkers)
South Korean Air Force's finest - the Black Eagles: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Boeing Stearman (Aerosuperbatics Wingwalkers): Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Future is Boom?
Boom Supersonic announced the updated design of Overture with 4 engines. Carrying 65–80 passengers at twice the speed of today’s airliners, Overture will fly Mach 1.7 over water with a range of 4,250 nautical miles.
Boom further said that the new design is the culmination of 26 million core hours of simulated software designs, five wind tunnel tests, and the careful evaluation of 51 full design iterations resulting in an economically and environmentally sustainable supersonic airliner. Boom also announced a market-expanding alliance with Northrop Grumman to develop special mission variants for the U.S. Government and its allies. The question here is, will it better what Concorde achieved and will passengers pay for and enjoy the experience? United Airlines have already proudly stated that they plan to offer services on Boom. But will it be a success? We shall see. Maybe a debut at future Farnborough Airshows? 
Boom Supersonic during a demo video at Farnborough: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Aircraft on display
USAF CH-47 Chinook at the Farnborough Airshow 2022: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
USAF CH-47 Chinook at the Farnborough Airshow 2022: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
USAF's finest: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
This view could easily be confused with a US military base: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
F-15E Strike Eagles: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
USAF P-5A - a 737 converted for military usage: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
Stuck inside the S-70M Black Hawk!: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
RAF Westland Sea King: Photo Copyright Navjot Singh
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Get in Touch:LIFE MATTERSHere I share my thoughts
and experiences during my travels, and how some things have affected my life as an expat and world traveller. Travelling is about capturing that moment in life. Every word, view and opinion on this page is that of Navjot Singh - except where indicated. The most recent is at the top. Scroll down to read the archive. Or search using CTRL+F (COMMAND + F) and enter a keyword to search the page. Just some of the stories you never heard before. The NAVJOT-SINGH.COM web blog is separate to this web site....Click blog, which may not be visible in some countries due to local firewall restrictions, so in those cases this weblog may be read. The weblog also includes some of my press trip reports- most of which are not published on the official blog because of copyright issues. The weblog also contains articles that may be associated directly with a PR trip for a country, airline or a hotel. These are PR reviews done in relations with various companies. If you are an investor or a trend watcher then you may find this website useful as investing has a lot to do with personal observations and finding the ideal trend or next big thing. The average human on the street frequently knows far more about the state of the economy than politicians, university professors, subject matter experts, and financial analysts who seldom travel, or if they do so, only from one hotel to another hotel! The pulse and vibrancy of an economy is nowhere more visible than on a country's streets. 
All photos and words are © Navjot Lauda unless stated. Photos taken by others or by agencies are appropriately copyrighted under the respective name. No photo or word/s may be taken without the prior written permission by the author (i.e. Navjot Lauda). All Rights Reserved. 
Navjot being interviewed by Cecila Lu at GDTV.
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